Medieval Dairy, Grains and More

A list of known grains eaten in the Middle Ages:

Wheat
Rye
Barley
Buckwheat
Millet
Oats
Rice (but expensive)
Pasta - (Yes pasta)

 Breads were leavened by Sourdough Starter or from Ale Barm. Ale Barm is the frothy, fermenting stuff on top that was skimmed off during the brewing of Ales.  Many unleavened breads where eaten as well.

Porridges and Gruels were also made from the grains.

A list of known dairy eaten in the Middle Ages:

Cheeses:
Beaufort; Brie; Camembert; Cheddar; Comté; Cottage; Emmenthal; Farmer’s; Grana; Glouscester; Gorgonzola; Gouda; Gruyére; Maroilles; Mozzarella; Parmesan; Port-Salut; Reblochon; Rewen (Rowan); Ricotta; Romano; Roquefor; Spermyse & Stilton.

Milks & Cream:
Cattle, Goat, Sheep & Almond. *Almond being the most commonly used since the other milks spoiled to rapidly.

Eggs:
Quail, Chicken, Bantam, Duck, Turkey & Goose

Other:
 Butters, Olive Oil, Animal Oils/Fat, Lard, Suet & Bacon Grease.

Balsamic Vinegar, Apple Cider Vinegar and Wine Vinegar was used.

A list of known  drinks in the Middle Ages:

Beer
Ale
Mead
Ciders
Apple Cider
Grape Wine
Pomegranate Juice & Wine
Mulberry Juice, Wine & Gin
Blackberry Wine
Granatus (Grenadine)
Sekanjabin (Sweetened Plain Vinegar w/Water) 
Lemonade
Lemon Water
Barley Tea*
Clarea Water (Spiced Honey Water)
Coriander Water
Sage Water
Lavender Water
Rose Water (Drinking & Cooking)


Water (Dinner drink. Questionable as to how much they drank it).

Milk (Adults rarely drank.  It was reserved for children, the sick and the very poor).
Buttermilk (Adults rarely drank.  It was reserved for children, the sick and the very poor).
Whey (Adults rarely drank.  It was reserved for children, the sick and the very poor).

Lager sometime in 15th century.
*Teas (as we know them) & Coffees where introduced in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

 Sources: Wiki: Medieval Cuisine
                White Oak Society
                Lords and Ladies
                Medieval Recipes
                Medieval York
                Medieval Food 
                Medieval Foodies
                Smithsonian
                Lady Depenser's Scribery
                Medieval Life and Times
                Aleteia: Medieval Pasta
                Medieval Cuisine
                Forgotten Sea
                Stefan's Florilegium: Food - Breads
                Stefan's Florilegium: Food - Eggs
                Stefan's Florilegium: Food - Dairy
                Stefan's Florilegium: Foods - Sweet Foods